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Why Prediabetes Should Not Be Ignored? The body of a normal person produces a hormone called insulin to help the body cells use the energy (glucose) found in food. But when one’s body either does not make enough insulin or does not efficiently use the insulin it produces, there will be too much glucose in his or her blood. Once this happens, the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, heart, eyes and nervous system can be damaged. When a person has a blood sugar level higher than normal but not high enough to be a diabetic, he or she is said to have prediabetes. Prediabetes, also known as borderline diabetes, usually has no obvious symptom. Yet, the risk of developing Type-2 diabetes and other serious health conditions including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure and stroke would be higher. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 15 to 30 percent of people with prediabetes will get Type-2 diabetes within 5 years without lifestyle changes to improve their health. Meanwhile, a person with prediabetes has a 50 percent higher risk of developing heart disease and stroke than someone who does not have prediabetes. People, who are overweight or obese, or have a family history of Type-2 diabetes, or had gestational diabetes, are at risk of getting prediabetes. Gestational diabetes is a medical condition happens to pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. According to a 2014 analysis by CDC, the prevalence of gestational diabetes is as high as 9.2 percent.
In addition, people who are physically inactive, having high blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level below 35 mg/dL or a triglyceride level above 250 mg/dL or having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are also at risk of getting prediabetes. Prediabetes is not uncommon. The CDC estimates that about 79 million Americans over age of 20 have prediabetes. It is, therefore, advisable for people with risk factors mentioned above to see their family doctor for screening and preventive advice. Doctor can determine if one has prediabetes by performing 1 of 3 different blood tests, namely the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or the Hemoglobin A1C (or average blood sugar) test. Fasting plasma glucose test is done after one has stopped taking food and drink other than water for at least 8 hours. Oral glucose tolerance test requires 2 to 3 blood draws over a 2-hour period. The test measures one’s blood glucose level before and 2 hours after drinking a solution containing glucose. The hemoglobin A1C test is a simple blood test that reflects the average blood sugar for the past 3 to 4 months. It can be used to diagnose prediabetes or diabetes. It can also be used to check if the diabetes is under control. Besides blood tests, screening of diabetic complications like diabetic eye problems, kidney impairment and diabetic nerve and food disorders should also be done. It is important for one to find out if he or she is on the borderline so that he or she would then be able to begin treating the condition and possibly prevent diabetes. Lifestyle can help many people with prediabetes to delay or even prevent the onset of full-blown diabetes. Doctors can advise one on how to create a healthy lifestyle through a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight management to control the blood sugar level. Actually, These lifestyle changes would also help lower other risk factors for heart disease and stroke, including high blood pressure that is often present in people with diabetes and prediabetes. The doctor might also advise cutting any other heart disease risks like smoking and high cholesterol levels. In a large research study called the Diabetes Prevention Program, the lifestyle changes in weight control, exercise and nutrition could actually reduce the development of diabetes over 3 years by 58 percent. For people aged 60 or older, the reduction was an even greater - 71 percent.
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